When considering ‘Cartography’ an art and a science of map-making, the Science bit is the skill and art is the craft. Therefore it becomes quite important to learn the basics of map making i.e. the ‘science bit’.
Scale and projections are the two very basics to start with and both are discussed in conventional map making. Map scale is the first step up the ladder but here we will discuss projections first as today we deal with projection much more but scales are equally important.